What a marriage visa in Thailand actually is
There is no visa category called a marriage visa. What the phrase covers is a Non-Immigrant O visa granted on the basis of marriage to a Thai national, followed by a one year extension of stay issued inside Thailand by the Immigration Bureau, renewed annually. The visa gets you in; the extension is what lets you stay, and the extension is where the real requirements live.
The distinction matters because the two steps run through different agencies with different rules. The Non-O comes from a Thai embassy or consulate abroad through the e-Visa system. The extension comes from the immigration office for the province where you live, on criteria the Immigration Bureau publishes.
The financial test, and who it applies to
For a foreign husband of a Thai wife, Immigration Division 1 publishes the criteria in full: an average income of not less than 40,000 baht per month, or deposits of not less than 400,000 baht in a Thai bank account maintained for the past 2 months, or income and deposits together totalling not less than 400,000 baht for the year. The relationship must exist both legally and in fact, and officers verify both.
For a foreign wife of a Thai husband, the published criteria list the Non-O visa, proof of the relationship, and the requirement that the relationship be genuine in law and in fact. No financial figure appears in that list. Where the published pages leave a question open, the deciding voice is the immigration office handling the application, which is one reason applicants near the financial line bring in a firm before filing rather than after a refusal.
What continues after approval
An extension of stay is permission, not residency. It renews every year against the same financial and relationship tests, it dies if you leave Thailand without a re-entry permit, and the 90 day report runs for as long as the stay does. A change in the marriage changes the immigration position, and a lawyer can explain what a divorce or a spouse's death does to a stay built on this route.
When to bring in a firm
A straightforward renewal with strong finances needs little help. The cases that justify fees: first extensions, income earned abroad or in mixed forms that needs presenting against the published test, a marriage registered abroad that Thailand has not yet recorded, refusals and near-misses, and switches between visa categories. Firms handling this work sit under immigration law in Thailand, and the annual mechanics of staying are the territory of visa extension services.